The Transaction Processing Systems

The achievement Processing dodgesIt has been widely established lately that how important reading arrangement has become for logical argument shapees. According to authors, k right send offledge clay is a field that merges bevel line centering with computer applications to smoothen the process for byplay in more efficient a way. In simpler bounds, tuition outline bridges in entropy, people, procedures and computer software and hardware to analyse and run across development digit on the wholey. This typically seconds in assimilating education in an nonionized way for better functionality and operating rooms of institutions. Traditionally data dodging was considered as design meant to be carried out principally from a technical viewpoint. just with growing awareness and acceptance towards the g e trulyplacening body has made people gather in that it represents various separate and broadened viewpoints that culminates stakeholders in arrange to at prevai l to their economical, institutional, political and other interests. Hence, it would non be upon to say that a trunkatic and operable frame arrive at or information system is most likely to tend to the aim of reaching an integrated information model for an organisation. instruction SystemSilver et al. (1995) defines Information Systems as one which is implemented within an organization for the purpose of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of that organization. Capabilities of the information system and characteristics of the organization, its work systems, its people, and its development and implementation methodologies together determine the extent to which that purpose is achieved. Where a group of scholars believe that information connects with hardware, software, entropy, procedures and people another school of turn overing advocates Information system to include people, line of work processes and Information Systems.Four conventional Classes of Information Sy stemClassification of Information system differs as per the business strikes and the social organization and direct of organisations. The needs of information system go as per the levels and finish structure needed at every level. Primarily, information need ranges in adjacent management capacity- Strategic control, managerial aspects and working(a) functions. The adjacent pyramids describe the functions of organisation and the levels of conclusion confidence along with the associated classes of Information System.TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMSThe pyramid from bottom starts with cut down management which deals with solar day to day operations of the organisation. This class of information system is handled by lower management who represents an organisation in occasional mathematical function and business such as attendance of employees, posting of entries in rim, touch on of orders, evaluating overdue vendee orders airline booking function etc.MANAGEMENT INFORMAT ION SYSTEMSThe turn category of information required by the middle management is know as managerial information. The information required at this level is apply for devising short term findings and plans for the organization. Information like sales psycho synopsis for the past quarter or yearly production details etc. fall under this category. anxiety information system (MIS) caters to such information needs of the organization. Due to its capabilities to fulfil the managerial information needs of the organization, Management Information Systems have become a necessity for all abundant organizations. And due to its vastness, most of the big organizations have separate MIS departments to look into the cerebrate issues and proper functioning of the system.DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMSIn simpler words, it is an interactive demarcation that integrate and collets information from varied source to enhance the non-routine decisions. The information generated here is not made availab le to lower level staff nor do they need it. For example, trends and figures of revenue generation which helps in deciding policies etc. These types of decisive data plump fored by information system are required by senior management only and are called as Decision fuel Systems.EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMSThe fleet level of this hierarchical classification of information system concerns only upmost management and the data integrated by information system is here is handy for executives only. executive Information Systems involves at strategical management level which is coordinated and handled by top management in an organisation. This category facilitates the management with relevant data and information in convenient format required for strategic training that aims at ontogeny plans and construct major decisions towards the organisational goalsBanking Structure Implementation of Information SystemBanking is a vibrant sector which deals in with enormous data on daily basi s. Technically speaking a bank caters to the money related exploit with nodes. Generally it involves following supporters-Customers saving and Current account management draw services- collections and getmentsCredit and debit cardsHandling of Loans, insurance, fixed deposits and other policiesIn matched environment, any bank strives to provide best of services facilitating thingumabob factor and eternal rest of use to customer to gain on hawkish advantage. Banking structure has evolved tremendously since its inception. Where banking was started with manual maintenance of records on papers now the sector has been computerised and IT have been playing quite an a revolutionary intention to bring transformation in banking. The different platforms that a bank extends straight off are conventional retail bank outlet, cash machine, online banking, Mobile Banking etc.In this versatile scenario of functions and services, information takes a centric position and a strategic handl ing and available of information gets very pertinent. Lately information system has been hotly debated for being a contri merelyory tool to amalgamate all these functions by integrating all the information and data for required authority in right time and place.Information system and bankingAs has been explained higher up information system involves people, data and procedure. For any given bank or fiscal institution accuracy and timely availability of information is quite challenging. Inculcation of information system and engineering science tend to solve the supreme of related issues and bring in efficiency in the system and added benefits to ease the line of operations. For bank, an information system execute three elemental functions-It get word data from different sources as inputIt generates information by bear upon the salt away dataIt transfers the output to the concerned authority viz. Managers, sales executive, accountant, cashier etc.Functions of Information Sys tem in BankA few typical business processes in bank that information system coordinates are-Bank account minutesBank loans and insurance management military control forecastsCustomer credits approval and credit termsProperty appraise evaluationStock exertionsFinancial cash flow reportsThe following section will elaborate application of different information system in bank operations.TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMSEvery bank tends to intrust on a system that cease manage and integrate its routine operations in organised manner with accuracy. Bank in its operation involves encountering with numerous customers to deal in with their payment or deposit demands. As per Ralph (2008) in absence of such systems, recording and processing of such business proceeding would consume plenty of time and absorb huge amounts of organisational resources. selective information thus collected through these systems also end up reservation valuable repositories which stack later also be used in de cision making. However, primary use is to satisfy customers and provide a competitive advantage by improving services and reducing speak tos.For the same line of functions, banks deploy many type of transaction process system in order to capture and process the data necessary to update records regarding basic functions of the bank. For instance, bank TPS systems standardise the routine work linked with general banking proceedings for the handling of deposits and withdraws, cashing of cheques, ATM online banking functions and other processes.TPS can be divided in two categories found on its way to process data- bundle Processing- It suggests processing of data within the preset limits for certain period of time such as daily, weekly or monthly.A conceptual figure of Batch Processing SystemThe above conceptual figure illustrates how the batch processes system work for a bank in processing of cheques which are collected and then processed usually over specific period of time. It in incarnates following 4 steps-Gathering information of business transactions in batches which in this lineament is chequesRecording the information on specific files and discs in input mediumProcessing of transactions (cheques for this case) as per specify process i.e. afterward verification, checking accounts etc and updating master file, reports and a variety of documents, for example customer paycheques or invoices.Capturing and storing batches of transactions data at remote sites, and then transmitting it periodically to central computers for processing.Real-time Processing- This involves instant transaction needs such as money withdrawal from ATM or cash counter or online banking transactions. It provides a direct interface between user and TPS allowing one transaction at time with immediate results. Following figure explains how transaction process works on real-time basis.A Typical Example of Banking Transaction Process SystemCustomer ActivitySystem Activity demean A/c num berVerify a/c no.- gratifying or not drop password (****)Verify the passwordEnter withdrawal amountVerify if the amount is within the withdrawal limits daybookUpdates the transaction in bank recordsRemove Receipt Money grant MoneyIssue transaction ReceiptReady for next transactionTo sum up, TPS in bank incorporates 5 activities-Data entry- accounts and customers entryTransactions- bank transactions- cheques, accounts and ATM transactions etcReport and Documents processingDatabase and Files processingInquiry processing- Checking quietusMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMIS helps middle level managers with reports and information that pass on assists them in taking unstructured decisions. TPS takes into account data entry and usual transactions but MIS generates report on how transactions are done over a period of time such as monthly or quarterly reports. This data helps business assess the murder of bank and how oftentimes business they have done. Based on the data generated, sal es polity can be framed to target for next quarter. For example, a quarterly report can reflect how many new accounts have been candid and how many have been closed. If any major discrepancy is observed in these figures as compared to previous quarters reports than a manager needs to pay attention. He will have to see if this is happening due to service offered by bank or if customers are dissatisfied and disp selectd with bank or due to competitors or its just like that. Based on the analysis and the resulting reason, a line of action can be intend by manager to make better the performance of bank in order to attract and retain new customers.DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMSRoping in around the definition given by authors like Alter (1980), Bonczek et al.( 1981), penetrating and Scott-Morton (1978), DSS can be defined to be a system which-Enhances decision with data for decision makers rather than replacing themUtilises information, documents, and reportsSolves problem with varying str ucture degrees- semi structure, unstructuredFacilitates effectiveness and not efficiency in decision making processVelmurugan (2008) defines DSS as, an interactive information system that enables decisions making in unstructured or semi structured situations by facilitating information, models and data manipulation. Authors further argues that DSS method generally influences upper level management decision making with a reasonably low frequency and high potential consequences in which the time taken for thinking through and modelling the problem pays off generously in the long run. It can be differentiated with MIS on accounts that it requires a macro approach and not a target based decisions that are usually taken through MIS. As explained above that through MIS, manager can draft a sales plan to foil up falling customers for next quarter. However, with Decision accept system case is not so. It takes a broader view. If this decline in customers is observed for long term than seni or management takes a note and based on reports takes a decision. It can be anything based upon the situation. For instance- hiring new staff or training the existing one if management thinks its due to employees inefficiency. Installation of new ATM machines if customers are withdrawing for not able to find out bank outlets. rude(a) software installation for online banking channel in case of painstaking political campaign that customer is facing while doing online transactions and so on. There can be number of other decisions that can be reached but everything depends on managers ability to think and to infer a decision based on the data drawn from DSS.In bank typically DSS can help in decision related to following areas-Cash management and debt planningPlanning in mergers and acquisitionsCapital budgetingSelecting RD projectEvaluating financial risksStructuring optimal leaseFinancial analysis and diagnosisReal estate appraisal and enthronementFunding strategic product developme ntSetting interest rates for money market deposit accountsLocating banks Managing portfolioSmall business financial planningEXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMSExecutive Information System was low gear introduced in 1982 (Rockart and Treacy, 1982) to illustrate the kind of systems a few senior corporate officers were using on a regular basis to access information they needed. Watson et al (1991) characterises that EIS is an information system that equips topmost management with internal and extraneous data that contributes towards the success factors of organisation without the need of intermediaries. This data is considered as very confidential and is made available to the topmost managers only who are suitable to take major decisions for business process and structure of an organisation.In a bank EIS can assist executives with financial ratios and cash flow analysis that further enhance them to plan out capital investment decision based on trends drawn from EIS reports. It involves bo th internal and external data that gives a large picture of scenario before executive really think to bring in a major decision in the bank. Executive information system is a responsibility-oriented medium that blends budgeting and planning with control of performance reporting, and it can be considerably helpful to finance executives. EIS aids topmost management to focus on the long term goals by curb bit in current year and beyond. This allows executives to monetize and plan with a prestidigitator approach for years to come to expand business based on current operations and future projections generated from EIS reports. It would hence not be wrong to say that EIS is a significant tool for executives to analyse financial trends, ratios and look backward banks performance, its competitors and market trends. .ConclusionIt has been widely accepted that information system is progressively being adopted by more and more companies to streamline their business process in systematic wa y. Factors such as efficiency and cost cut and time saving are being mentioned as top advantages of information system. Broadly information system is accrued with following advantages-It enables beau monde to keep a track of strength and weaknesses with the 360 degrees assessment of reports generated for revenue, employees performance etcTrackback of customers data and their feedback is useful for organisations to reach decisions for businessStreamlining of information and availability to it whenever needed helps organisation to work efficientlyThe above discussion clearly reflected that how information system can be implemented in an organisation (particularly bank) and how that organisation can reap in benefits out of it. The four different classes of the system were defined and their implementation in banking operations has been illustrated in detail. A bank is a place with certain predefined standards and hence accuracy to them is very pertinent. Any disaster in those on behal f of employees or any other reason can cost bank heaps not only on monetary terms but on brand image also. A customer deals with bank out of trust factor only. Henceforth, a flawless technology and apt use of these different information systems at different level is very promising for bank. This paper didnt discuss the limitations which might arise but an organisation should keep a vouch upon them as ongoing process. pagan and technological concerns are cited as most typical limitations to the information system. disdain of this bottleneck that may arise in the process of acceptance of information system, it holds tremendous potential to automate the process in business and improve the overall functionality of organisations.ReferencesBonczek, R.H., Holsapple, C. Whinston, A.B., 1981. Foundations of Decision Support Systems, Academic Press, New York.Keen, P. G. Scott Morton, M.S., 1978. Decision support Systems An organisational Perspective. Addison- Welson Inc. MA.Mentzas, G. ( nd). Towards Intelligent Organisational Information Systems. International Journal of Information Management. 14 (6), pp. 397-410.Narayanasamy, K. Velmurugan, M.S., 2008. practical application of Decision Support System in E-commerce. Communications of the IBIMA Volume 5.Ralph, M.S. Reynolds, G., 2008. bedrock of Information Systems. Cengage Learning.Rockart J. F. Treacy M.,1982. The CEO Goes On-line. Harvard Business Review, 60 (1)Watson, H.J. and M.M. Hill (1983) Decision Support Systems or what didnt happen with MIS, Interfaces, 13(5), pp. 81-88.