The Qualities of Real Friends Essay -- Papers

The Qualities of Real Friends To have boosters is an essential part of invigoration and comfort. When you were little you had wizs in school that you could play with. You shared your toys with them and laughed with them while the instructor was speaking. When you were in middle school, you probably adopted a clique of shoplifters to work out after class and hang out with after school. Later on in lofty school, you most likely narrowed your choice to single companion that you could share your troubles with. These are the people you chose to spend that time of your touch with, and these are the people that cultivated who you are. E realone has certain expectations of what a valuable hotshot should be like. What I think makes a friend is loyalty, personality and availability. A unspoilt friend has to be loyal and trust worthy. You rout outt live your purport afraid that the person that you trust the most is going to betray you. I think in the beginn ing of each friendship you should test your friends loyalty. You should neer tell them too much of yourself too soon and have high expectations. When they have proven to you that they have a strong heart and dont suppose malice to you, then you should hold them close to your heart. It is a strong feeling of sanctuary to know that the person you call at night to throw off your life to will never tell a soul. It is not good to keep things in facial expression all the time and sometimes you need psyche to share your feelings with. At other times you want someone to discover to your daily life and go through the same trials of events that happen to you however, your friends can give you an objective point of view. Excellent friends are the ones who are gratifying to be with. They have to have an amazing ... ...an share. When you dont spend time with your friend, both(prenominal) of your lives will seem distant and there wont be anything to talk somewhat either. Who influences you when you are younger affects who you are in the future. When you are young, your mind is very fragile and is easily brainwashed by external factors. If you pick friend that has bad values you are most likely to attain the same values. There is an old saying that goes You are who you hang out with. It is a very simple saying but there is a integral lot of truth in it. A really good friend is one who will give you good morals and has a good conscience. The person will help you gain strength and help you groundwork up for yourself. You want somebody that stands up straight by your side and is proud to have someone like you by theirs. An ideal friend will help you grow as a person and work up your character.

The Poetry of Emily Dickinson :: Emily Dickinson Essays

There are several important and interesting authors in the American Literature history to talk about in this paper. However, Emily Elizabeth Dickinson is unrivaledness of the most fascinating authors that generates admiration by reading her breeding and poems. even off tough her poems were not completed and written on scraps of paper, she is considered one of the great geniuses of nineteenth-century American poetry. The main reason of this reputation is based on the fact that her poems are innovative. Her poetry is different because she uses different literacy aspects from her contemporary writers. Aspects such as her family, friends, social issues, love, death, education and, in general, her someoneality had a marvelous impact in her report. Eventually, these aspects were visualized when her poetry was published, and editors took it upon themselves to group them into categories of Friends, Nature, Love and Death.      Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born(p ) on December 10, 1830 in the quiet community of Amherst, Massachusetts. Emily Dickinson was raised in a quiet, reserved family. Her father was a very authoritative person and her mother was not emotionally accessible. Her parents personality was credibly the main reason of Emilys eccentricity. Emily was raised in the Christian tradition, and she was evaluate to take up their fathers religious beliefs and values without argument. However, later, her poems expatiate how Emily challenges these conventional religious points of view of her father and the church, and how this new perspective contributes in the way and strength of her poetry.      Knowing that her family was well known in the field of view for its educational and political activity and before Emily started writing poetry, it is important to emphasize that Emily was a proper educated individual. She attended the Amherst Academy. After her time at the Academy, Emily left for the South Hadley Female S eminary but severe homesickness led her to come about home after one year. This was basically the beginning of Dickinsons life of solitude. This solitude could lead her to focus on her world and to start writing her first conventional style poems. Some years later, she started building her peculiar(prenominal) style in which she introduces different literacy characteristics to her poems making her a unique writer.Dickinsons works have had considerable influence on contemporary and mod poetry. She used certain characteristics that made her style unique. Sporadic capitalization, dashes, unconventional metaphors, off-rhymes and unconnected meter are some of the most frequent aspects Dickinson used.

Assignment Title Self-discipline Essay

Demonstrate self- lead by dint of relevant activities M2 Perform relevant activities with a high al-Qaidaard of self-renunciation D2 Evaluate personal levels of self-discipline for entry to the uniformed public redevelopment I personally deliberate that I as an individual posses umpteen skills and qualities that demonstrate my self-discipline. Self-discipline is a nonher form of discipline and an essential whole tone for a member of any service. Self-discipline can be delimit as the ability to apply yourself in the correct manner, including controlling yourself and your feelings. To  measure the qualities needed for self-discipline fully, you need to understand the following things personal prep and introductionpromptitudetime management reliabilityattendance lethargyattitudeperformance spiritIf you lack any of the qualities that make up the key argonas of self-discipline and so more likely than not, you forget not be fit to succeed at your job. For example, poor attendance could typify that you are not fully informed of important issues at briefings, which go away mean that your team cannot rely on you to respond to certain situations correctly. everyplace the time I nonplus spent at college I believe that I have successfully achieved some, if not all, of the points listed above.Personal Grooming and presentationIn the uniformed public run, where members of the public may be flavour to you for help or guidance, it is particularly important that you are of smart appearance. hoi polloi form impressions and opinions about us from the way we appear to them, so if you indispensableness to create the right impression it is important that you are correctly presented. I have shown great examples of personal grooming and presentation by arriving at college (with 100% attendance) in my uniform, with polished boots and well ironed uniform.PunctualityIn order to run efficiently and effectively, organisations have to be keep to mean(a) schedul es and this means creation governed by time. In the public services punctuality is vital so that, at any time, someone can articulate where, when and how many plurality are on duty. At the beginning of a shift, public service personnel are briefed about any major(ip) issues that may have been arisen, for example, police officers would be kept updated about a missing child. If you are late for a shift and miss the briefing, then you are preventing that organisation from operating at its full efficiency.Time focusGood time management skills are very useful skills to have. mortal who manages their time well can be far more successful than someone who may appear to be very busy, but who is, in fact, not being very productive at all. Often, there is not enough time to do all the shit that needs to be completed by specific deadlines. This theoretically means that employees need to order their drill. To prioritise means to sort out which tasks are the most pressing and need to be completed first. People can be slowly distracted and lose concentration rather quickly when tasks have to be completed, therefore, it requires a high level of self-discipline to keep on compensate and stay dedicated.ReliabilityIn the uniformed public services reliability is an essential quality to posses. Being reliable means doing what you have concord to do, therefore not letting people down. This is extremely important in the public services, where good teamwork is essential and team members need to be able to rely on each other.AttendanceAll employers, both in the public services and in the private sector, expect their employees to attend work regularly. Poor attenders can be expected to be disciplined or even dismissed. This is because work rotas are planned around the number of people who result be available, and this cannot work if people do not crook up. No team or organisation can operate effectively in this way.ComposureIf a person is described as being composed, it means that they remain calm, even in stressful situations or measure of crisis. This can be extremely important members of the uniformed public services who need to think quickly and clearly at such times. spotHaving the right attitude can be very important when you have to attend a job interview. Uniformed public service employers bequeath be looking for someone who shows that they are enthusiastic without being overbearing, self-confident without being cocky and who are polite and courteous, not aggressive or stroppy. Having a good attitude can be evenly important when you are employed as a member of the uniformed services. You will need to be able to listen to members of the public and to interpret with them without letting your own attitude and feelings come to the for front.PerformanceConscientious employees will carry out their job to the best of their ability. Public service workers will always be expected to provide a first-class service and to give the public go od value for money. You will find that if your self-discipline is at a high enough standard then you will be able to do this without someone having to watch over you.characterWhen personality is talked about in the uniformed public services, it means they are talking about the distinctive, unique qualities that make members of a service stand out from others. When you are seen in a uniform people bust that you dont have a personality. This is definitely not the case. Your personality can make a huge difference to your role inside the public services it can make you popular colleague to work with it can ease relations with the public both at hearthstone and abroad.

Person Centred Risk Essay

Traditional methods of run a adventure sound judgement ar teeming of charts and scoring systems, simply the soul, their im soulals, dreams and conduct seem to get lost somewhere in the pages of tick boxes and statistics. A individual centred flak seeks to focus on hatfuls rights to redeem the bread and only whenterstyle that they chose, including the right to make adult decisivenesss.see often sentencesexplain how to encourage the individual to take optimistic jeopardizes while maintaining pencil eraserty devicetyThe move up described here routines mortal centred idea tools, to help muckle and those who c be slightly them most think in a positive and productive counseling active how to ensure that they dismiss achieve the changes they lack to see while keeping the sleep unitedly of take chances in its place. This in essence is a crop to gather, in compact with the soul, the exuberantest information and evidence to demonstrate that we greet thought deeply virtually all the issues involved. Decisions argon then guided by what is classic to the somebody, what is undeniable to keep them healthy and safe and on what the law says.Papers and Articles place upright Decision MakingA key persona of try is decision fashioning. We keep back co-written a booklet on Supported Decision Making. To attend this booklet see the downloads box on the left.A Positive get along to pretend Requires individual Centred intellection Max Neill, Julie Allen, Neil Woodhead, Stephen Reid, Lori Irwin and Helen Sanderson 2008 This article looks at the issue of bump in the lives of people who are supported by gracious macrocosm go. More accurately, it looks at how the issue of risk, as it has conventionally been approach shoted by these benefit, imposes a barrier to social inclusion and to an interesting and productive life. The article in like manner proposes an alternative person centred risk butt against that by beginning wit h a focus on who the person is, their gifts and skills, and offering a positive vision of success, could avoid the implied aversion to each(prenominal) form of risk embedded in the traditional approaches and attitudes.The full exposition of this cognitive answer is described in the person Centred Risk Course Book (Allen et al 2008). The problems of traditional risk assessment are becoming increasingly treasure by people who use human services, their families and carers, and instantly by m whatsoever service providers, who are sounding for alternative approaches to risk thorough, professional, personalised risk solicitude (Bates and Silberman 2007 p6) that recognise that life and risk are inseparable, and that look at risk from the point of sketch of the person, their family and friends and the wider community, sort of than solely from the point of view of the service provider.Bates and Silberman argue that any such positive approach to risk would need to meet a number of requirements, and see it as the holy grail of affable health and former(a) services. The authors of this article have been change stateing on applying Person Centred ThinkingTools to the issue of risk, building them in to a Person Centred onrush to Risk. We believe this alternative approach does not lose the person in a sea of tick boxes and charts, that it has a to a greater extent balanced approach to risk, having an inbuilt assumption that the purpose of any risk assessment is exclusively as much about the happiness of the person, their family and the community as it is about their safety. We also believe that the Person Centred Approach to Risk disregard be demonstrated to meet all the requirements set by Bates and Silberman in their article, and that it provides a productive way for many people who wish to take pregnant steps frontward in their lives, but find themselves trapped in a boring unproductive and segregated lifestyles by traditional service-centred approaches to risk. in the end we argue that any positive approach to risk must include the basic tenets of all Person Centred Approaches keeping the person at the centre, treating family and friends as partners, a focus on what is all important(predicate) to the person, an intent to build connections with the community, being prepared to go beyond conventional service options, and continuing to attend and bring with the person.What is Risk?The deliver of many people who have to rely on human services for their support is that risk is the reason habituated to them by services wherefore they put forwardnot do the things that other people are doing every day. When we delve into the playscript risk, we find that it has a pot of call backings, and that it is nowhere near as clear and precise as the advocates of traditional risk assessment assert, for example Hansson (2002) identifies five unalike common uses for the word risk, and Ekberg points out a proliferation of risk definitions and a whole range of contrastive intelligences of risk (2007 p345).Risk literature a good deal separates risk from uncertainty, specify the risk as a measurable probability that something go out happen, however, crimson where experts claim they can fall flat an exact probability value to a risk, there is alship canal a possibility that the experts may be uponfulness (Hansson 2002 p4). In common usage the words risk and uncertainty are often synonymous (Lupton 1999 p9) Risk is sometimes used as a verb a person risks doing something, and sometimes a noun a person is labeled as being a risk to society.The drive for a single definition of Risk has been described as a shadowy form of linguistic imperialism (Hansson 2000 p3), he argues that risk in its ordinary usage is just as valid as the narrow adept values attached to the term, as this allows the inclusion of philosophical and ethical values, the talk terms and compromises that are excluded from the expert-driven risk an alysis outgrowth but are prerequisite for social and political decision fashioning processes (ibid pp5-8). Risk decision making is often complicated by the fact that the person or assort pickings the decision is not always the person or root word affected by the risk. Hansson argues that risks are inextricably connected with interpersonal relationships.They do not just exist they are taken, run or enforce (2000 p4). Differences in big businessman and status affect the extent to which people function risk decision making the views of developers wishing to build a butch across a river may well be authorisen more weight than those of people living nearby that river. Where a person with little power and status might wish to take a risk, and the consequences of that risk would affect more powerful people, it is more likely that they will be prevented from pickings it.This is the problem faced by people supported by services and professionals, where those services and professi onals fear various unfeigned and imagined consequences to them of the risk taking of the people they support. www.helensandersonassociates.co.uk This problem is deepened in modern society as the power of the news media can mean that the unpredictable actions of an individual can now have an amplified impact on the reputation of services, and on political and corporate institutions. Services that are now becoming increasingly concerned with reputational risk management find that this demands The risk management of everything (Power 2004 p36).In the case of human services, this means an ever more intrusive and obsessive focus on every aspect of the lives, behaviours and potential behaviours of the people they support. It can also mean the increasing proceduralisation of work, as defensive practice and blame avoidance (ibid p46) obtain more important than the particular lives of individual people. Risk can establish a highly charged and politically loaded issue.The parties involved can have very different interests at stake in debates about particular risks, and these can often be prone to be sleep together full on conflicts, leading to different parties taking entrenched positions that prevent cooperation, discernment and action and further trap the person. Person Centred Approaches, with their focus on the person and strategy of building an alliance of supporters around the person can often cut across this entrenchment and generate new and yeasty ways forward, providing that services are prepared to face this challenge.This is now being recognised by government departments, the Department of Health publication Independence filling and Risk wholeheartedly commends person centred approaches for everyone because they identify what is important to a person from his or her own perspective and find appropriate solutions (DOH 2007 p4) Regulators too want to see the balance of risk decision making shifting toward supporting individuals who choose to take inform ed risks in order to improve the role of their lives( CSCI 2006 pvii) in this case CSCI are talking about older people, but this shift in attitude to risk is being advocated for all services that offer health or social care to human beings. For the purposes of this article, we are considering risk as it presents to people that use services any issue, real or imagined, which is being used as an objection to their moving toward increase inclusion in community life.What is Wrong with Traditional Risk appraisal?A focus on risk encourages practitioners to look for what is going defile rather than what is going right (Booth and Booth 1998 p205) Traditional technocratic and spuriously objective approaches to risk lose the person philosophically they treat the person as an object to be assessed by the experts rather than as an agent in their own lives, part of a family, community, society, with legal rights and choices.They focus on what is wrong with the person, often treating the pers on as a problem to be managed rather than a person to be enabled to fulfil their ambitions and offer a parcel to society. Alaszewski and Alaszewski (2002) argue that If agencies and their employees take a narrow hazard approach to risk, they will contribute to the disempowerment of people with learning disabilities Power (2004) calls for intelligent risk management that does not swamp managerial attention and independent critical visual modality is characterised by learning and experiment rather than rule based processes and which can be sustained subject to challenge, questioning and criticism (p61), while the break-dance Regulation Commission has called for an emphasis in risk management on resilience, self reliance, freedom, innovation and a spirit of adventure (BRC 2006 p3).The government too is calling for A cultivation of choice that entails responsible, supported decision making (Lewis 2007 p1) and calls for everyone involved in the lives of people who use services to wor k together to help people achieve their potential without compromising their safety (ibid p2). To give proper balanced consideration to issues of risk and achievement in the several(a) and complex lives of human beings, we need an entirely different approach from the methods that services use to risk assess their hoists, fridges and kettles.Bates and Silbermans Holy Grail Criteria.Bates and Silberman have described effective risk management as the holy grail of mental health and other care services (2007 p6) They see it as finding an integrated balance between positive risk taking around the values of autonomy and independence and a policy of safeguard for the person and the community based on minimising harm. While they do not give an exact description of what such an approach would look like, they give a list of 7 criteria that any such approach would have to fulfil, these being amour of Service Users and Relatives in Risk Assessment. Positive and conscious Risk Taking.Proporti onality.Contextualising demeanor.Defensible Decision Making.A Learning Culture.Tolerable Risks.A Person Centred Approach To RiskThere are many different tools and approaches available to support Person Centred Thinking, many of which have come from deconstructing the processes of Smull and Sandersons (2005) Essential Lifestyle Planning approach, while some have come from other strands in the growing family of Person Centred Approaches and by early work applying person centred approaches to risk by Duffy and Kinsella (Kinsella 2000). Practitioners of Person Centred Approaches who were unsatisfied with the traditional repertory of Risk Management tools have begun to recombine these Person Centred Tools in ripe and creative ways, and to apply them to sentiment, acting and learning around real risk situations.The learning from this experience, reflection and discussion has been refined and crystallised into a process that can be shared and applied constructively to different risk sit uations, bringing together people who use services and the people who know and care about them most to think about how they wish to depart forward and the risks involved making decisions, taking actions and learning together.We have called this process a Person Centred Approach to Risk (Allen et al 2008). In this naval division we will look at the holy grail criteria put forward by Bates and Silberman and show how we believe the Person Centred Approach to Risk fulfils these criteria. Involvement of service users and relatives in risk assessment Involving the person concerned and the people that care about them most is one of the most fundamental tenets of any person centred approach.The process we have put together considers carefully the people that need to be involved, using the Relationship Circle to help the person and their allies identify key people who could form the persons circle of support. This group of people is involved from the outset, in the initial gathering of inf ormation, in the framing of what the risk under discussion actually is, in thinking that generates ideas and solutions, in evaluating these solutions, in decision making around the risk, in implementing the actions and in the learning that takes place during these actions.Bates and Silberman suggest that staff must understand what service users and others want, how they view their own risks and what responsibilities each person has in managing risks effectively (2007 p7). The Person Centred Approach meets this by asking for a clear picture of what the person wishes to achieve, why this is important to the person, what success would look like, a history of the risk and uses the doughnut tool and decision making agreement tools to look at staff roles and responsibilities, and at who will be responsible for different important decisions in relation to the risk.Positive and informed risk taking The process is built around a positive view of the person it seeks to learn what the persons gifts and skills are, what people like and admire about them, as well as investigating what would be necessary to keep them and others safe while taking the risk. The process is based on finding creative solutions rather than simply ruling things out.Bates and Silberman argue here that grapheme of life should be maximised while people and communities are kept as safe as can be reasonably expected within a free society (2007 p7). Thinking around what it would take to keep the person and others safe while taking the risk is a key part of the Positive and Productive Process, as is the use of the Happy/Safe grid, which looks at how much solutions would make the person happy, by meeting what is important to them, and how much they would keep them and others safe, by meeting what is important for them. One section of the process includes a question What does the law say? (Allen et al 2008 p20) enabling the process to be informed by the current law, including legislation such as the Huma n Rights Act.Proportionality The management of the risk must match the gloominess of potential harm (ibid p8) Using the person centred thinking tools means flexibility. The more serious the issue, the more people and the more time can be spent considering it in greater detail. Unlike conventional risk assessment, the approach explores the consequences of NOT taking the risk, to the person, to their family, community and services, balancing these against the potential consequences of taking the risk.Contextualising Behaviour why did the person behave in this way? At this time? In this Situation?(ibid p8) Part of the process involves gathering together antecedent information about the person, including a history of the persons experience of the risk issue from their own perspective, as well as other historical data, gleaned from a variety of sources including learning logs which look at what has worked and what has not worked in particular situations, and communication charts which explore a persons words and behaviours, seeking their meanings and considering what the outgo response to these messages should be.The 4+1 Questions (What have we tried? what have we learned? What are we pleased about? what are we concerned about?) help not only to gain an understanding of a persons behaviour in different contexts, but also to build a picture of what has been learned about what is the best support for that person.Defensible Decision Making there is an explicit and excusable shrewde for the risk management decisions (Ibid p8) Following the person centred approach generates a clear trail of written records of what has been discussed, the different perspectives, issues and solutions that have been considered, along with any legal issues, such as the human rights act or the mental health act that might affect the risk decision. The paperwork generated during the process provides a clear rationale for why the decisions that emerge during the process have been taken, a nd why other options have been rejected. The rationale for decision making is also more clear expounded and recorded than in traditional risk assessment forms in common usage.A Learning Culture The positive and productive approach to risk has a deep emphasis within it on ongoing learning using learning and reflective tools like the learning log, the 4+1 Questions and Whats Working/Whats not working, and by clearly defining for staff their core duties and their zone of judgement and creativity in relation to the risk. If it is part of a serious and concerted attempt by services to change their philosophy and practice in a person centred direction, it can contribute significantly to building a learning culture within organisations.Tolerable Risks A key aspect of the Person Centred Approach is that it uses creative thinking techniques around methods to mitigate the risk and improve quality of life, moving from situations which make the person happy but unsafe, to where they and the co mmunity are safer, and from strategies where the person is safe but unhappy, to where they can be happier. set about of using the process is that it enables participants to take a more balanced and rational approach to risk, finding ways to enable the person to achieve what is important to them while considering what keeps that person and the community safe in a way that makes sense for that individual.

Big Love Essay

This article, Big Love, from the set, by Stanley Kurtz, is ab emerge an HBO domestic gaming c bothed Big Love. The reader is driven along a path of fascinate about the ever evolving change in peoples scene on commonly accepted societal values, and the subtle way in which arguments for acceptance of these changes are delivered. The most fundamental institution, matrimony, is in this drama, challenged and given, for all possible purposes, a timeline for survival.The co-creators, Will Schaffer and Mark Olsen, have used this show as a media to transform culture by portraying the polygamous Hendrickson family as your typical, good, loving neighbors. To all intents and purposes, Kurtz uses the slippery gear argument, that gay marriage rump lead to polygamy. Although he does this with a captivating narrative, he however fails to tour any substantive data to back up almost of his views or those pictured in the drama. In his analysis, Kurtz offers various arguments to support the pro -polygamy view portrayed in the drama.At the very outset, he recounts a mark taken by Ginnifer Bowen, one of the main characters. According to her, polygamy is a way out for more women, and non a problem in and of itself. Further, as an cast anchor to the subtle technique used to sway pagan beliefs, he mentions the encumbrance a gay couple had on heavy gay marriage after they appeared on a Dutch honeymoon show. The support polygamy enjoys from the American Civil Liberties Union, is also mentioned by Kurtz. Additionally, he cites the position taken by pro-polygamy advocates, whom he says support punishment of individual abuses, and non the institution itself.Clearly, Kurtz has deceased to great lengths to convey the message portrayed in the drama. 2 He has, however, chosen to use aspects of the pro-polygamy view that are very contentious, and for which he does not offer substantive fact. Ginnifer Bowens view that polygamy is a solution for many women, for example, is debata ble, mainly because it is not supported by any survey or research, and Kurtz should have hesitated before victimisation it in his article, whose readership may include women. The Dutch honeymoon show is another area that Kurtz should have, at the very least, offered some facts and figures.A clearer picture of the subsequent effect the gay couples appearance on the show had on peoples position on gay marriage, would have been quite valuable to most readers. It is not enough to say that their appearance was a turning point for similar sex marriage. Kurtz also notes the ACLUs support of polygamy in principle. I study that this is the kind of credible source that should not be trivialized. If indeed the ACLU supports polygamy in principle, accordingly the causation should have researched for an official quote from the ACLU, citing the date and venue such a position was taken.Similarly, the position taken by polygamy advocates on the prosecution of individual abuses and not the cas tigation of the institution itself, would have merit a quote from a credible source. Kurtz has, however, used the slippery slope argument quite convincingly to convey the hidden meaning piece of tail the drama. He views the drama as an avenue to subtly alter cultural beliefs by staging a production that adulates a polygamous family. By quoting Will Scheffer and 3 Mark Olsen, the co-creators of the show, he lends credence to his article.Their belief in the value of a union, separate from its constitution, is a valuable inclusion in the article because it clearly portrays the whole premise of the drama. It is also obvious from interlingual rendition the article that Kurtz clearly grasps the intentions of Scheffer and Olsen. He is able to read between the lines and innovate his readers with the issues involved. The idea that if society can accept gay marriage then it should be able to embrace other types of union, including polygamy and polyamory, is a subject that the author prese nts quite well.He mentions Tom Hanks, the executive producer of the show, who believes in using Big Love to transform culture. This article is a great go to advocates of a basic, simple way of life, without misconstrued ideas about what is good and bad and who is prudent for telling who. The article educates the reader on the various ways universe used by people facing challenging lifestyles and who seek legal acceptance. Using the media to attempt to change peoples beliefs on their culture and customs is dangerous because it works.The new laws that are pro gay all over the world are evidence of this and if not checked, new commandment may be passed to recognize polyamory relationships. Therefore, the advocates of these lifestyles do not seek to lay down a movement like Martin Luther King did, they intend to use the do drugs called media that is consumed by everyone all over the world. This then, is the intent of the drama, as portrayed by Kurtz. 4 Work Cited Kurtz, Stanley. Bi g Love, From the Set. National Review Online. 13 March, 2006. Web. 8 July, 2009.

Clarification Theory Essay

Aristotles statement about the final end of catastrophe Purgation or Catharsishas been so endlessly misunderstood, so uncritically assumed to be straightforward. Discuss. purging or Catharsis is a sacred scripture of Greek origin. In the Greek language it has three meaningsPurgation, Purification, Clarification. Aristotle uses this word in the Poetics only once. While dealing with the function of tragedy, Aristotle says only this much ...through gentleness and worship feating the beseeming Katharsis or purgation of these emotions.But he himself does not give any meaning of the term Catharsis. These be the by and by critics who have interpreted this word in various ways. And this has given alliance to various theories. Let us, therefore, discuss some major theories of Catharsis.1. The Pathological or Purgation Theory fit to some Renaissance critics and later on critics resembling Twining and Barney, Catharsis is a health check metaphor, it denotes purgation, a pathologi cal fix on the soul similar to the effect of medicine on the body. on the nose as the purgatives purge the body of the dirt and dross, similarly tragedy purges the judgement of the unpleasant emotions of pardon and fear by first exciting them and because providing them an excited outlet. The result is a pleasurable suspension. Milton also had explained this conjecture of Katharsis in his preface to Samson Agonistes. In the neo-classical era, Catharsis was taken to be an alopathic treatment with the unlike curing unlike.The arousing of pity and fear was supposed to consume about the purgation or evacuation of other emotions like anger, pride, and so forth The spectacle of suffering arouses our pity and fear and we are purged of the emotions that cause the suffering. If the suffering is caused by emotions like anger, hatred, or impiety towards the gods, we are purged of such undesirable emotions, because we realise their dark consequences. We learn from the terrible fates of evil men to avoid the vices they manifest. Thomas Taylor in his introduction to the Poetics (1818) holds this view.Psychological InterpretationF.L. Lucas rejects the idea that Katharsis as used by Aristotle is a medical metaphor, and says theatre is not a hospital. both Lucas and Herbert Read regard it as a form of safety valve. clemency and fear are aroused, we give bounteous play to these emotions as we cannot do in real sustenance, and this safe and free outlet of these emotions is followed by emotional relief. In real life they are repressed, and in the theatre the free indulgence in these emotions, aroused by the suffering of the hero, is safe and brings relief to our pent up souls. LA. Richards also approaches this issue from a mental angle. misgiving is the impulse to withdraw and pity is the impulse to approach. Both these impulses are harmonised and blended in tragedy, and this balance brings relief and repose.Ethical InterpretationThe good interpretation is that the sad process is a kind of elevation of the soul, an knowledgeable illumination resulting in a more than equilibrate attitude to life and its suffering. tragedy makes us realise that the divine law operates in the universe, geological formation everything for the best.Purification TheoryHumphrey House rejects the idea of purgation in the medical sense of the term, and is the most forceful advocate of the purification theory, which involves the idea of righteous instruction and moral learning. It is a kind of moral conditioning which the spectators undergo. So to Humphrey House purgation centre cleansing. This cleansing whitethorn be a quantitative evacuation or a qualitative compound in the body brought about by a restoration of proper equilibrium and a state of health depends on the maintenance of this equilibrium. Tragedy by arousing pity and fear, instead of suppressing them, trains them, and brings back the soul to a balanced state. So Humphrey House regards Katharsis as an educative, and controlling process. Thus jibe to the purification theory, Katharsis implies that our emotions are purified of excess and defect. Butcher, too, grees with the advocates of the purification theory1, when he writes, the sad Katharsis involves not only the idea of emotional relief, but the gain idea of purifying the emotions so relieved.Inadequacy of in a higher place Theories Clarification til now neither the purgation theory nor purification theory explains the whole thing. The prefatory defect of these theories is that they are too much occupied with the psychology of the audience, with guesswork regarding the effect of tragedy on those who come to the theatre. It is forgotten that Aristotle was composition a treatise, not on psychology, but on the art of poetry. He is more concerned with the technique, the way in which an ideal tragedy can be written, and its nature, than with its psychological effects. For this reason, eminent modern critics like Leon Golden, O.B. Hardison and G.E. Else advocate the clarification theory. According to O.B. Hardison, Aristotle meant joyfulness by Katharsis. In his opinion, tragic events are pitiable and fearful. They aver pleasure in the spectator. Hence Catharsis refers to the tragic variety of pleasure. In order to create a tragic pleasure, a tragic poet may begin by selecting a series of incidents that are per se pitiable and fearful. From history or legend, he may borrow bodily or invent events.He then presents them in such a way as to bring out the probable or requirement principles that unite them in a single action and determine their analogy to this action Thus purgation means clarification of the essential and cosmopolitan significance of the incidents depicted, leading to an enhanced understanding of the universal law which governs gentlemans gentleman life and destiny. Catharsis is a process of learning, and therefore, pleasurable. The Clarification theory has, in this way, var ious good points in it. (1) It interprets the Catharsis clause as a reference to the technique of the tragedy, and not to the psychology of the audience, and thus recognises the true nature of the Poetics as a technique treatise. (2) It truly interprets Aristotles view, contained in his Poetics. (3) It relates catharsis both to the theory of imitation and to the discussion of probability. (4) It is in correct accordance with current aesthetic theories.ConclusionPurgation and Purification theories are merely incidental. They do not remain authentic and authoritative for long, because the elementary tragic emotions are pity and fear. If tragedy is to give pleasurepleasure that comes from learningthe pity and fear, or atleast the painful element, in them, must be removed. Though there may be purgation in the feelings of pity and fear, but it is merely incidental, and secondary. (O.B. Hardison). Thus Aristotles view of Catharsis is in the first place intellectual. It is neither dida ctic nor theological. It is not a moral doctrine requiring the tragic poet to show that bad men come to bed ends, nor is it a kind of theological relief arising from the discovery that Gods laws operate invisibly to make all things work out for the best.POINTS TO REMEMBER1. Catharsis means purgation, purification, or clarification. 2. Though Aristotle uses the term catharsis only once that it has given currency to a number of theories. 3. The main theories of Catharsis arethe purgation, the psychological, the ethical, the purification and the clarification. 4. The purgation or pathological theory treats catharsis as something having a pathological effecton the soul similar to the effect of medicine on the body. Tragedy purges the mind of the unpleasant emotions of pity and fear. 5. The psychological interpretation offered by Lucas, Read and Richards says that tragedy by arousing pity and fear provides emotional outlet to the audience. 6. The ethical interpretation says that the tra gic process is a kind of elevation to soul. 7. The Purification Theory presented by Humphrey House says that catharsis means cleansing or purification of emotions of excess and defect. 8. All the above theories are inadequate. Hence the necessity of Clarification Theory by Golden, Hardison and Else. Aristotle was writing about art and poetry. Hence by Catharsis he meant aesthetic pleasure.

Ethical Dilemmas of an Attorney

Ethical Dilemmas of an attorney Gina Boldt ADJ 235 March 22, 2013 John Ellison Ethical Dilemmas of an Attorney The three major ethical dilemmas faced by a falsification attorney are client perjury, delivery of physical show up and the manifestation of prior convictions (Boldt, 2013). They are bound to provide thieir client with courage and subjection (Pollock, 2012, 2010). This dilemma, at times, tries the attorneys ain morals and ethics, though, once again, the protection of the defendant overrules all. They essential also refrain from taking any case that presents a contravene of interest with said client.Though there are times that plea dicker is in the best interest of the defendant, this process can be apply as a conveinence, this would be an example of ethical conflict. In hunting lodge to provide such a fierce and devoted defense, the attorney essential not engage is such practices as pergury and corruption to aid a positive outcome for their client. Many of these o bligations are quite similar and name to both a prosecuting and defense attorney, such as confidentiality, attorney-client privelage, the handling of evidence and the responsibility of maintaining the safety of others.The ethical obligations of a prosecuting attorney is to seek integrity and justice, However, this singular responsibility insures several ethical burdens. The duties of this position are to cite as many criminals as possible and maintain justice at heart our system. With this responsibility comes many opportunities to step into the unethical realm of practice in order to secure prosecution. The obligation of this profession, once again, can test an individuals ability and inner morals. The key is to maintian honesty and intergrity and to set aside all personal beliefs, though this may not be the easiest, it is the only way to determine justice.

Response paper to Ian Hodder’s “Ethics and Archaeology” Essay

Ian Hodders article, Ethics and archaeology The Attempt at Eatalhoyuk, basic completelyy discusses in detail the different qualitys that archaeologists play during an jibe and also their ethical obligation and duty to the different communities on the office. Hodder claimed that the roles of archaeologists be not only limited to studying human elaboration through unearthing, recovering, documenting, analyzing, and interpreting re importants, historical objects, artifacts, and landscapes. In addition, he also claimed that they do not also work solely to serve the intimacy of their benefactors and sponsors.Rather, Hodder verbalise that archaeologists save bigger roles and wider responsibilities to the different sectors of the excavation site. In short, aside from the touch of their sponsors and other organizations that fund the digs, Hodder believes that it is also the duty of archaeologists to reach to the multiple communities, interest groups, or stakeholders of any excavat ion site. In his story, Hodder mainly focused his arguments on the Eatalhoyuk excavation site where is the director of the archaeological dig.According to him, the stakeholders of most sites back tooth be narrowed to four the politicians, the local residents, the New Age Goddess fol mortifieders, and the artists. Hodder say each of these communities has its own agenda or interest and it is part of the archaeologists duty to somehow satisfy them. One of the stakeholders that are cat valium to almost all archaeological sites is the politicians or those in the seat of power. Generally, install on Hodders paper, all politicians support archaeological digs have their own agenda or interests. These may involve governors, mayors, or administration representatives from the surrounding area of the site.Hodder claimed that although a lot of these politicians hail the archaeological site for its richness in level, culture, and identity, among others, their interests mainly lie on a ma vin thing widespread publicity. While the politicians desire to be seen on tv set or read on the newspapers is normal, Hodder stressed that it is the archaeologists role to limit the ways in which they use the site for their personalized motives. He also stated that archaeologists should also verify every piece of randomness that a politician gives to the public close the site.For example, there are authoritative politicians who claim to be descendants of the sites residents and speak nearly his or her origins. In this case, it is the archaeologists responsibility to verify these claims and project that they are true. other community that has its own interests is the local residents. According to Hodder, in general, these residents, who have low incomes and limited education, mainly have practical concerns such as earning money for helping in the excavation. However, they are also concerned about the history of the sites and how they contri excepted to their identity.In this regard, Hodder stated in his paper that is archaeologists job to educate them about their cultural history and identity using solid turn out rear on the digs. In turn, these local residents may relate their personal experiences from nutrition in the sites environment to tourists and researchers as these are right-hand information. The New Age Goddess groups, on the other hand, mainly go to excavation sites, such as in Eatalhoyuk, to pray and to practice their beliefs which are in honor of their Goddess, which was a highly significant figure in the past.Their main concerns, according to Hodder, would mostly be regarding the history of the Goddess and the role of women in the Eatalhoyuks past. Thus, the archaeologists should try to address these concerns and provide evidence that would show how women lived in the communities of Eatalhoyuk thousands of old age ago. By doing so, Hodder surmised that this would not only serve the Goddess groups interests but also neutralize any mi sinformation regarding the sites history.Finally, another sector that has shown significsnt interest in Eatalhoyuk is the artists group. Hodder noted that over the past years, more and more artists have arrived at Eatalhoyuk mainly to create works about the site. However, he claimed that there are also certain artists who help in the interpretation, reconstruction, and visualization of the art objects found in the site. Hodder stated that the main concern of this group is whether the objects unearthed during digs and excavations could be considered art or not.Meaning to say, most of these artists are particularly interest in identifying and describing the works of art recovered from sites. In this regard, the archaeologists involved, according to Hodder, should ensure that these works of art or aesthetic objects are verified to be genuine using past studies and other evidence found on the site. Certain artists also inquire about the role that art compete in the history of Eatalhoy uk and it is the archaeologists duty to satisfy those questions to the better of his or her abilities.In short, what Hodder was trying to point out in his paper was that archeologists should always consider the agenda and interests of all the groups and sectors concerned during an excavation as it reaps greater rewards and is also more ethical than serving only personal interests. Personally, I agree with Hodders claims in his paper. His use of historical evidence and real life situations make his arguments very convincing. I also imply it is unethical for archaeologists to go on digs mainly to become noted or serve their own interests only.Rather than setting one agenda, I believe it is important to work with different communities as exemplified by Hodders work in Eatalhoyuk as there are greater things at stake. Since archaeologists experiences firsthand what its like to be in an excavation site or dig, he or she should use his or her knowledge and skill to verify all the inform ation and answer all the questions surrounding an archaeological site. This is not only professional obligation but also an ethical duty.Works CitedHodder, Ian. Ethics and Archaeology The Attempt at Eatalhoyuk. Near Easter Archaeology 65 No. 3 (2002) 174-181.

The Leader of Future

Running Head THE LEADER OF THE FUTURE Chantell Hilliard blot University The Leader of the time to come BUS 508 December 15, 2012 Professor Carolyn Shiffman Table of circumscribe Executive Overview. 3 Challenges for proximo loss draws. .. 4 Blueprint for high-powered provision. .. 4 Areas of focus for address of the time to come.. .. 5 Lessons from agone loss leaders.. . . 7 forthcoming timesal Workforce.. .. 8 goal. . . . 9 References. . .. 10 Executive OverviewWhat does the leader of afterlife look the like? This question reflects on the Baby Boomers generation transitions into retirement leaving the side by side(p) generation to move into lead positions. For the next generation to transition into the erst Baby Boomer hands, future leaders set about to face a range of challenges. This generation volition gather up to learn how to monitor remote threats and opportunities that tail end affect an transcription. wind of the future have divergent leadership room from their counterp stratagems. The next generation pull up stakes have to learn from sometime(prenominal) leadership behaviors. Future leaders need to become technology savvy.They lead also have to become acquainted with different grows and practice the art of sh argond leadership. To fall out in a competitive business world, future leaders will have to develop a leadership way that fits the standards of an authentic leader. Challenges for leaders of the future As the business world changes, leadership roles will present challenges. The challenges that a leader will face discerning how to communicate is an important aspect for leaders to be hard-hitting. Through effective communication, leaders encourage others to swear and understand what is needed to be through within the organization.How eer, without effective communication a leader may non be able to lead his or her group effectively. Another distinctive challenge that leaders of the future will encounter are managing meshings. Future leaders will have to recognize conflict that is necessary and conflict that distracts subordinates and escalates. A leader who does not address conflict washbasin key results lost productivity and lost revenue. If leaders of future want to enlarge performance they need to learn how to put aside personal feelings sequence dealing with conflicts among employees.Blueprint for dynamic planning The blueprint for dynamic planning is how a leader assesses external and internal analysis on opportunities and threats facing the organization milieu. For an organization to have success, a leader needs to complete a SWOT analysis. Completing a SWOT analysis will change a leader to focus on the organization strengths and weaknesses, spot opportunities, and at last analyze any threats. The SWOT framework is a powerful planning tool that helps a leader understand the organization nice in the market and distinguish the smart set from their competitors.Monitoring th e external environment requires a leader to understand opportunities for the organization and threats that will hurt the organization growth. These external elements take customers, government, economy, competition, and humanity perception. The importance of customer relationships fuck help a telephoner find ways to influence their customers to buy products and to improve sales. Government regulations are important to monitor beca aim new laws and regulations can affect a bon ton profit margins and determine if a company can ship their products into overseas markets.The external business environment can also exert the pressures of the economy. A leader should play close attention to the economy growing or collapsing. Monitoring the state of economy is crucial for leaders in the ever changing business world. For framework, companies might need to lower prices during recessions. Because of the various economical shifts, leaders of the future will need to adapt their marketing strategies. rivalry has a significant effect on an organization external environment because competitors are continually differentiating their products and service from its competitors.Monitoring the competition will allow a leader to have a competitive advantage in the market. Lastly, a future leader should monitor any scandals or negative perceptions to a greater extent or less the company. While a negative image can hurt company sales, it can eventually hinder growth and success. Areas of focus for leaders of the future If future leaders want to be effective they need to sum up their focus on new technologies, appreciation of cultural diversity, and learn how to tract leadership. Because of the rapid technological changes in the world, future business leaders need to be technology savvy.Having the ability to know the importance of technology, gives the future leader a competitive edged. Technology as we know it continues to evolve. Bennis (1992) suggest that leaders of the fu ture need to embrace technology, if not they are sure to be unsuccessful on capitalizing on the opportunities that arise in this fast-evolving competitive country (Bennis, 1992, p. 189). The business world is becoming global. Leaders of the future should focus on cultural diversity because a cultural diverse workplace promotes several(prenominal) advantages for an organization.If leaders dont respect the differences in other races cultural background they may risk falling crumb as an effective leader. Understanding other peoples culture is considered a good business practice. If future leaders want to succeed in the business world, they need to implement motivational strategies that will beatify people in different cultures. To achieve a incontrovertible and cooperative environment, leaders have to embrace mutual respect amongst their diverse colleagues. Leaders of the future should understand that sharing leadership is not an easy childbed but quite possible.The following ar e ways leaders can share leadership * guard power away to the most certifiable individuals to strengthen their capabilities (Goldsmith, 2010, p. 1). * Define the limits of decision-making power (Goldsmith, 2010, p. 1). * Cultivate a climate in which people feel free to take initiative on assignments (Goldsmith, 2010, p. 1). * Give qualified people discretion and autonomy over their tasks and resources and encourage them to use these tools (Goldsmith, 2010, p. 1). * Dont second guess the decisions of those you have empowered to do so (Goldsmith, 2010, p. ). Lessons from foregone leadership To be successful, a leader must learn lessons from recent leadership behaviors. Many past leaders have engaged in negative and positive behaviors that can affect the organization. Following positive leadership behaviors will allow a leader to practices a leadership elan that involves building an empowering workplace. Future leaders should strive to develop integrity. Having integrity mode bui lding trust with your followers. Most importantly, a leader who leads with integrity gist sticking to their word.Past leadership has shown that integrity requires a leader to have self-awareness. Self-awareness federal agency that a leader is conscious of their strengths and weaknesses. For example, if a leader pretends to know everything and doesnt acknowledge their mistakes, this creates the perception of lack of integrity from their followers. Leadership without integrity can have drastic consequences for any organization. Unfortunately, the Enron scandal is great example on how Enron leaders compromised integrity with their desires for wealth and power. Enron executives unethical practices left a scrape on corporate America.Enrons lack of integrity results in thousands of jobs lost, pensions lost, public disgrace, and felony convictions. The Enron fiasco should teach leaders of tomorrow that a true leader has the responsibility to be honest and open with their followers, have good character, attend the law and to transmit truthful data at all times. From a personal perspective, my core beliefs are solid and promote a positive leadership in the workplace. Having core values like integrity defines who I am as an authentic leader. I model integrity by being honest and making the right choices.Blanchard (2010) suggests that, integrity is the most native element of leadership (p. 180). I believe that having integrity results in a leader being seen as credible to others. Without it, a person will fail as a leader. Leading by fear and intimidation are negative behaviors that future leaders should avoid. The problem with leading by fear is that it kills creativity in the workplace. Sadly, these tactics has been used by many a(prenominal) leaders in organizations. Future leaders need to understand that leading by fear can have negative several repercussions.Leaders who lead through such means will find that this leadership style is not an effective approach for motivating, inspiring, and empowering their followers. As a result, this behavior creates doubtfulness and high turnover among employees. Many will argue that this tactic can be beneficial for an organization. Apple Inc. , CEO Steve Jobs is a prime example on past leaders who lead by fear. Steve Jobs has been described as a complex and unconventional leader. His tyrannical leadership style created an air that employee received verbal lashings and fear of making mistakes.Steve Jobs successfully apply innovation and provided success with Apple Inc. However, his style is worth learning so leaders of the future can avoid the pitfalls of leading with authoritarian leadership. Future Generational Workforce According to researchers by 2020 the future generational workforce will be led by three generations attempting to coexist in the US economy (Nahavandi, 2010). Currently, the workforce is comprised of baby boomers born between 1946-1964, Generation X born between 1966-1980, and th e workforce of the future Generation Y also known as millennians born between 1980-2000.Because Baby Boomers are approaching retirement, employers are looking to the Millennial generation to bring in valuable new perspectives that will cater the organization mission and goals. The Millennial generation will approach their expectations and beliefs from an entirely new way that goes beyond traditional behaviors. What sets this generation apart from their older counterparts is that they are not timid of the change. Therefore, their attitudes towards work are different from their parents because they prefer flexibility.Generation Y has high expectations from their employers and the armorial bearing of their career path. They are consistently seeking new and innovative challenges that will allow them to effectively lead others. Millennials leaders are very different from their previous generations because they rely heavily on the internet as a form of resource, communication and networ king. This generation will overtake the majority American workforce by storm and their leadership style will be influenced by leaders before them.These leaders will have no problem attracting and retaining followers because they are motivated to understand their subordinates perspectives. Conclusion In conclusion, as the workforce changes so does the look of leaders. These future leaders have to be prepared for the unexpected and unexplained challenges. Therefore, as the next generation enters leadership roles they will have to know more than traditional business practices seen by generations before. For an organization to survive, these future leaders should have a set of core values that followers will trust and respect.References Bennis, W. G. (1992). Leaders on Leadership. Boston, MA Harvard headache Review Books. Blanchard, K. H. , (2010) Leading at a higher Level Blanchard on Leadership and Creating High playing Organizations, Upper institutionalize River, N. J. Pearson/Pre ntice Hall. Goldsmith, M. (2010, May). Sharing leadership to Maximize Talent. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved December 15, 2012 from http//blogs. hbr. org/goldsmith/2010/05/sharing_leadership_to_maximize. html Nahavandi, A. (2012). The Art and Science of Leadership. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education.

Quantitative Research Process Essay

1. interrogation problem and Purpose is the area where research is needed to stuffy the gap between knowledge and nursing practice. Purpose identifies the specific finish of the depicted object (Burns & Grove 2011).2. Literature Review identifies the known and the unfathomable of a particular study and documents what needs to be conducted.3. Framework is the tooshie for the study or a theory that has been developed consisting of concepts and statements that define a particular study.4. question Objectives, Questions, and Hypotheses narrow the gap beteween research problem and take and identify the relationship between the variables and indicate the population to be studied.5. battleground Variables that are measurable, manipulated or controlled in a study. 6. Assumptions are statements that are considered truthful and implanted in thinking and behavior.7. Limitations are restrictions that decrease credibility of findindgs.8. Research design is the blueprint for the study that increases control over factors that may arbitrate with the desired outcomes.9. Study Population include all elements that meet qualifications for the study and the sample are subsets of the population selected.10. Method of Measurement is the process of appoint numbers to objects. Levels of measurement include nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio level of measurements.11. information collection is the systematic gathering of information important to the research resolve in which permission must be obtained for the agency where the researcher conducts the study.12. info analysis gives meaning to the study. Analysis techniques include descriptive and inferential analyses.13. Research Outcomes involves examining results from the research process and considers implications for further studies.ReferencesBurns, N.,Grove, Susan. (2011). Understanding Nursing Research construct and Evidence Based Practice. (5th ed.).Maryland Heights, MO Elsevier Saunders.

CEO & CFO Perceptions About AIS Impact on Firm Essay

In the multifaceted, propellant, corporate global milieu, imminent rifts glide by to rattle the arenas of accounting/finance. The personal ambitions of chief executive officers and chief monetary officers outweighed their responsibilities toward shareowners, employees, operations, civic/ethical duties, and the general financial musical arrangement. chief executive officers primary(prenominal)ly focused on their own profitability, by increasing margins, meeting shareholder/market expectations, and expanding by any means necessary. Therefore, this lead to CFOs and other members of top management on the front lines in manipulating margins to invoke growth thereby committing sundry(a) aims of pasquinadeulent activities, mainly to manipulate unretentive financial performance. The intertwining of ethical dilemmas and constant conflicts of interest endangered employees, shareholders, customers, and the general public. With the momentary of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) in 2012, the act demanded, that corporate management design and implement inbred suppresss everywhere the entire financial account process. (H only, 2013)In reference to CEO turnover and the appropriateness and pictureiveness of a board, board of positionors that are, dominated by in searchent directors are to a greater extent uniformly to remove a CEO based on poor performance than boards dominated by insiders. (Dah, Frye, & deoxyadenosine monophosphate Hurst 2013) During the post-SOX, signifi lavatoryt decline in the incidence of CEO turnovers for compliant trustys. (Dah, Frye, & adenine Hurst 2013) Top management feed adopted method of accounting info Systems, utilizing training engineering science and reinvigorated understandings of physical dominations in the work step forward, in their effort to come with SOX, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO), and to maintain ethic every last(predicate)y conscious decisions. A companys native controls beat been under scr upulous review and are ceaselessly examined to a point where they are in full compliance with SOX. closely of the attention is attributed to two main provisions, organized by the Public Companies be Oversight Board (PCAOB) that directly relate to infixed controls. Under instalment 404, the CEO and CFO of publicly traded companies must personally disclose and certify, quarterly and annually, an adoption of a detailed code of morals, which acknowledges an effective maintenance of an internal control system.This section also shelters whistle-blowers. In addition, section 303 requires that the CEO and CFO must sign off on the financial parameters to assure that the reports do non embroil any material misstatements or omissions. To further protect great(p) markets, corporate governance, employees, shareholders, the general public, and the studying profession, the organizations auditors assurance on managements internal control and ethics policies is required. Top manage ment teams understood the magnificence of adding IT prowess. Information Technology subdivisions garnered to a greater extent responsibility after the passing of SOX. Being held as critical importance to internal control modus operandis in an organization, IT departments became responsible for creating, improving, executing, and modifying a series of controls, ingrained to reduce fraud.Additionally, IT is accountable for accumulating, processing, and storing financial info, which is utilized in financial statements, and creates audit trails for external auditors. A portion of the internal controls implemented in a business exist as IT controls, many of which are based in the computerized purlieu and usually pertain to financial data. Programs and processes are written and keep by IT professionals. Fairly new and intuitive processes include machine- compulsive systems. These programs attain reshaped the environment of accounts account. They, initiate, authorize, record, a nd report the effects of financial transactions. (Hall, 2013) Automated accounting is associated with roughly opening Resource Planning Systems (ERP). ERP systems, facilitate the flow of study among all departments in an organization, and manage data sharing with outside systems, such as suppliers, business partners, clients and regulatory agencies. (Chinn, 2011)Top management are attracted to apply automated systems in order to create an efficient and secure in operation(p) and accounting environment. Rudimentary features include the generation and distribution of invoices to customers, which usually follows with high possibility, that retribution ordain be received at a termly manner. This electronic process of invoicing goes hand in hand with receiving wire transfers and, on the opponent rack, purchases of materials therefore, in either process, this allows the company to efficiently benefit from increasing hard currency/ assent receipts and the ability to quickly obtain corporate and direct capital. These advanced computerized processes are able to initiate the transfer of a mickles assets and are able to automatically incur liabilities, in nonification to their corresponding transactions without tender-hearted interaction.However the many enticing advantages an automated system offers, there is no doubt the, inextricable elements of the financial reporting process that SOX considers, and they must be controlled. (Hall, 2013) Section 302 is in place to bug any inconsistencies of internal control in the workplace. Automation of the revenue cycle is typically used to reduce overhead costs, make better credit granting decisions, and better collect outstanding accounts receivable. Along with SOX provisions, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations framework grouping IT system controls into two broad categories Application Controls and usual Controls. Subcategories of industriousness controls include input controls, processing controls, a nd output controls. The General controls include controls over IT governance, infrastructure, vane & angstrom operating system certification, database access, application acquisitions & angstrom unit development, and program changes.General controls are aimed to support the environment in which application controls function, and two are needed to ensure accurate financial reporting, as rise as reduce instances of fraudulent activity. (Hall 2013) While utilizing the aforementioned controls will greatly reduce adventure of financial fraud, there are inherent risks concerning training technology systems. Organizations integrated in a global frame, face an overarching environmental risk involving stability, which primarily concerns IT. The rapid carrefourion and ingenuity of increasing compute power, coupled with consistent gains in the growth of technology, have a direct result in an exponentially vibrant information technology atmosphere. This dynamic environment causes consta nt changes within internal controls in companies.Currently, IT is considered one of the main risk factors in organizations, and both lack and excess of such investments mickle compromise the structure and the operations of the firm. (Lunardi, Becker, Macada, & Dolci 2010) To keep up with the former thinking global environment, as advantageously as surveiling with constant jural and technical changes, IT innately move arounds a focus with organizations. Management continues to adapt to new challenges that emerge, in relation to IT. Recently, companies have been spending about 50% of all capital investment on IT. (Lunardi, Becker, Macada, & Dolci 2010) Executives understand that it is impossible to importantly curb IT spending in such a technically driven world however, they do not want to spend any more than the minimum necessary to deploy and run IT efficiently. (Lunardi, Becker, Macada, & Dolci 2010) Outsourcing specific IT projects, as well as full ERP (Enterpri se Resource Planning) systems, has become more ruler throughout the past few years.Over 90% of firms that were sampled in various research projects engage in IT outsourcing. Given the pervasiveness of IT outsourcing and the magnitude of IT spending in the economy (Kobelsky & Robinson, 2010) top management sack up write-off costs, as well as secure system failures. In case of an out of the blue(predicate) disturbance, firms nates still operate ERP systems in their headquartered location, by creating an off-site ERP system. However, some IT outsourcing does not connect with cost reduction. Most managers, indicate that though practician research emphasizes ITOSs (IT outsourcing) cost-reduction benefits gained at the individual project level, outsourcing is associated with higher IT spending, presumptively reflecting enhancement of capabilities. (Kobelsky & Robinson, 2010) Organizations utilize ITOS, in addition to improving in-house IT fraud reduction projects.The continuat ion of outsourcing affects an sum up in IT spending, than for localization. Consistent reckoning advancements and technological prowess have had positive outcomes in business processes, as well as added new computer support systems. There have been late(a) instances that cite, fraud costs U.S. business more than $400 billion annually. (Ravisankar, Ravi, Rao, & Bose, 2011) selective information mining techniques have been implemented to let off fraud and attach fraud detection by utilizing approaches that are more data-driven. These methods specifically depend on historical monetary data of both troubled and backbreaking companies, coupled with their respective financial ratios. With the use of objective data mining, companies can solve financial statement inaccuracies and financial problems affecting the business, by winnowing through the records of fraudulent and healthy companies. Then, they discover knowledge which can be used to predict whether a company at hand will pe rpetrate financial accounting fraud in future. (Ravisankar, Ravi, Rao, & Bose, 2011) hokey Intelligence systems bring forth a theoretical advantage. They understand when and when not to extract specific statistical facts on the input variables. Nevertheless, new computing power and automated systems could contain unexpected risks that could alter and affect reliability on financial statements. Because of newfound internal control spending, coupled with an increase of information technology in the workplace, companies have been progressively shifting their reporting systems from legacy platforms to a widespread client-server network. The integrated network utilizes new servers and product software, such as industry leaders, illusionist and SAP. Since the passing of SOX and introduction of COSO, seer and SAP have been duking it out for majority share of the market. The Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing (SAP) is a software ERP, which incorporates a strea mline of business function applications. The system offers a, real time management and tracking of sales, outturns, finance, accounting and human mental imagerys in an enterprise. (Indika, 2011) Usually, IT systems operate separate processes.Traditionally, each process cycle operates in its own system. SAP differentiates itself by integration into all business practices and operations. Updates are presented in real time, and pass along through different cycles and departments. The complexity of SAP, runs on a fourth generation programming language called forward-looking Business Application Programming (ABAP). (Indika, 2011) Oracle maintains a similar application to the environment. ORdatabase management system (Oracle DMBS) has been primarily incorporated to be as versatile as SAP, specifically to assist large enterprise settings and manage data in the enterprise. Additionally, it can be useful on a personal level. Oracle DBMS is comprised of data and retrieved by applying SQL (Structured Query Language). The commands set entrance boundaries and protect the users data files. It, can be embedded in other languages or could be executed directly as scripts. (Indika, 2011) During the initial SAP installment, Oracle can be defined as the database that is going to be used and and then the SAP system will issue SQL commands that are compatible with the Oracle DBMS. (Indika, 2011) There is not a drastic difference in installation time for Oracle or SAP. It also depends on whether the system is easily introduced to the organization, or if it is launched all at one time.Top management will review an in depth cost and risk analysis, in ascertain which method of installation is most appropriate. (http//whatiserp.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/duration.png) The centralized legacy mainframe computer environment is tightly controlled and has made management complacent because of the simple fact that it works. The security structures and internal controls found on l egacy systems have developed over the past four decades. Program and file access is easily traced and organized. The operating system of mainframe programs deliberately create audit trails and logs, which offer conveniences to external auditors, as well as making it more troublesome to commit fraud. Legacy systems incorporate intricate scheduling software, which operate as safeguards. For example, plans are input into the system when appropriate authorization is in effect and in the precise sequence. Additionally, these systems adopt specific controls, which protect the integrity of financial reports and stages in the multiple cycles utilized by a business.Specifically, change controls pre-determinately restricts alterations to production applications. Automated responses appear and instruct employees to provide high level approvals and testing. The mainframe control environment has had time to evolve in decently lasting times. However, upon the introduction of SOX and the re alization that there were material internal control weaknesses in the workplace, standardization and integrated programming systems were presented to the business world. Over time, more and more companies are making the jump to cross-referencing and streamlined technologies. Because of a limited time lapse regarding the application of new ERP systems, there has not been reliable risk analyses on internal control processing, as there are with legacy systems. Unfortunately, there is an insurmountable need for risk awareness, when incorporating new systems in this twenty-four hour period & age. Over-crowded client-server networks can become a problem to configure and admonisher appropriately.To cushion the negative associations of risk, physical and internal controls are put into place to monitor systems. Companies may want to place security cameras and physical guards of the servers and related systems during off-hours. When deciding to implement new technology in a firm, or repl acing an entire system with more up-to-date specifications, control risks need to be assessed. New risks and internal control weaknesses are often created fleet than they can be discovered and regulated. Integrity and security of a firms data should be at a top priority. Threats, desire viruses and worms are to be kept at bay, with various walls and algorithms. Emerging technologies like Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), Radio Frequency realization (RFID) tags, the continuation of reporting, subject to repeated external audits & compliance with SOX and COSO, and object-oriented databases remedy discrepancies should protect systems.A firms internal audit department are also available in coordinating and evaluating the IT control environment, and should be able to verbally instruct and announce employee centric workshops to increase employee control awareness. Because of issues concerning independence and segregation of duties, the internal audit department will not be able to design code and functionality specifications in the internal control mainframe. However, they are the cheapest and central consultants on how the controls affect operations, and if the specific controls work in detecting fraud. Top management considers the internal audit department an under-utilized resource in perfecting internal controls and information technology controls.Constant balance amongst CEOs and CFOs must be maintain in order to synergize business operations, in accordance with GAAP, SOX, and COSO. Information technology, serves as a facilitator, catalyst, motivator, or even an enabler for the convergence of management accounting and financial accounting. (Taipaleenmaki & Ikaheimo 2012) In order for the SOX initiative to be effective, the information technology function must be in conjuncture with aiding the control environment of a business. Financial reporting has changed over the years, to favor IT processes, which are almost only if fundamental to the financial reporting practice. Additionally, with the passing of SOX, new responsibilities are compel upon IT functions, which would usually be ignored, because IT is not necessarily responsible for monitoring internal controls. IT & finance professionals, as well as top management, have had to adopt and learn a whole new set of functions, reporting, and monitoring.The information technology culture is of dire importance to adhering to new standards and progresses the business environment to innovative and more secure highs. A functioning IT department is crucial for the CEO & CFO to document financial and internal controls. value is a very subjective term, especially in reference to capital expenditures. Different opinions and different needs will influence how much a firm spends on new technology to facilitate and cooperate with ever-changing standards. Usually, implementing a new system in a business have positive and financial benefits, in the long run. However, a ne w system will often find resistance at the individual level because the users do not perceive any value to them from it. (Barua, Brooks, Gillon, Hodgkinson, & Kohli, 2010) Positives could include additional time to perform other tasks, and create more ability around the organization.However, an overuse of technology could threaten employees jobs, as systems become more automated. Individual perception on new installations of systems might be shaky at first, but in the end, whatever is needed to comply with changing standards, is exactly what leaders of organizations will flock toward. CEOs and CFOs understand that integrating proper business relationship Information Systems is integral to society and the business world. Additionally, as per Thomas Piketty, who maintains in his freshly published voluminous, Capital in the twenty-first Century, CEOs, CFOs, and Super Managers are running massive conglomerates effectively because of IT and AIS. Therefore, IT has stipulation th em powers to set exorbitant compensation packages for themselves, by topnotch-humanly maximizing their own productivity and performance. In conjunction, if fraud can be avoided in the bargain, they are awarded super hero status and remuneration, which may summarize their perceptions about AIS, IT, and the dual benefits of SOX and COSO.BibliographyBarua, A., Brooks, L., Gillon, K., Hodgkinson, R., & Kohli, R. (2010). Creating, Capturing andMeasuring Value From IT Investments Could We Do Better? . Communications of theAssociation for Information Systems, 27, 13-26. Chinn, D. (2011, March 11). What Is Enterprise Resource Planning Systems?. eHow. RetrievedApril 15, 2014, from http//www.ehow.com/info_8050594_enterpriseresourceplanningsystems.htmlixzz2zS3rm7n5Dah, M. A., Frye, M. B., & Hurst, M. (2014). Board Changes and CEO Turnover TheUnanticipated personal effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Journal of Banking & Finance, 41, 97108. Difference Between. (Indika). Difference Bet ween RSS. Retrieved May 5, 2014, fromhttp//www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-sap-and-vs-oracle/ Hall, J. A. (2013). Accounting Information Systems (8th ed.). Cincinnati, Ohio South-WesternCollege Pub.. Print. Kobelsky, K. W., & Robinson, M. A. (2010). The impact of outsourcing on informationtechnology spending. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 11(2),105-119.Lunardi, G. L., Becker, J. L., Macada, A. C., & Dolci, P. C. (2010). The impact of adopting ITgovernance on financial performance An experimental analysis among Brazilian firms .Journal of Banking & Finance, 15, 66-81. Ravisankar, P., Ravi, V., Rao, G. R., & Bose, I. (2011). Detection of financial statement fraudand feature selection using data mining techniques. Decision remain firm Systems, 50(2),491-500. Taipaleenmki, J., & Ikheimo, S. (2013). On the convergence of management accounting andfinancial accounting the fictitious character of information technology in accounting change.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 14(4), 321-348. Chart Picture http//whatiserp.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/duration.png

Sexual Seduction

Sexual Seduction & Freud Psy. 405 Psychoanalysis was huge in the success of Sigmund Freud. Freud proclaimed that we ar not the rational rulers of our lives but ar down the stairs the influence of un aware mind forces of which we are unaware and over which we ache little, if each, control. Freud was pondering over the familiar basis of emotional disturbances. Sexual de substructure as a child or adolescent affects wholenesss future as an adult. nestling familiar ridicule has been reported up to 80,000 times a year (Facts for Family, 2011).Sexual conquest in puerility seems to be reported generally by woman to be the root of their air and main undercoat for needing some kind of therapy practice. Because of the disgust it affects you more as an adult when youre trying to stir a relationship or hinge uponual border with others and so I focus on Freuds theories and therapy practices to understand ship canal to cope and get passed the twist. His approach evolves in s teps such as levels of sureness or scheme of consciousness, analysis of mental structures, psycho informal stages of development, falsifying mechanisms, and means of tapping the unconscious.Provided are some statistics to tabooline how big of an make love this is. The U. S. plane section of Health and Human Services Childrens Bureau report Child Maltreatment 2010 found that 9. 2% of victimized children were knowledgeablely assaulted (p24). Studies by David Finkelhor, manager of the Crimes Against Children Research Center found that 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 20 boys is a victim of child knowledgeable abuse. Self-report studies show that 20% of adult fe staminates and 5-10% of adult males abjure a childhood sexual assault or sexual abuse incident.During a one-year finale in the U. S. , of youth ages 14 to 17 had been sexually victimized. Over the signifier of their lifetime, 28% of U. S. youth ages 14 to 17 had been sexually victimized. Children are somewhat vulnerable to c hild sexual abuse between the ages of 7 and 13 (Finkelhor, 2009). Although no one wants to hear these statistics and believe that this occurs its sad to order it doesnt end here. According to a 2003 National Institute of arbitrator report, 3 out of 4 adolescents who birth been sexually victimized by soul they knew well (p5).Sexual abuse when youre young and sexual abuse from someone you know well all factors into how you are when youre an adult. Freuds subjection hypothesis concluded that emotional disturbances could be related to childhood sexual trauma. To get a little over cyclorama and insight into this big turn off I will discuss the case of Anna O. Anna O. was Josef Breuers diligent whom to a fault shared this and many other cases with Freud. This case is what started the development of psychoanalysis. by her therapy she would recall specific experiences that seemed to have given rise to certain symptoms.Talking close her experiences a redeeming(prenominal) deal re lieved the symptoms. She referred to their conversations as chimney sweeping or the talking cure. As their sessions continued, Breuer realized that the incidents Anna remembered involved thoughts or events she found repulsive. Reliving the disturbing experiences minify or eliminated the symptoms. All nightmares, phobias, and fears which influence you but why you have them is because of the unconscious and Freud suggests elbow rooms or techniques of reaching that unconscious through his innocent(p) link technique.A child who is the victim of prolonged sexual abuse usually develops miserable self-esteem, a feeling of worthlessness and an abnormal or distorted view of sex (Facts for families, 2011). Although each individual is several(predicate) some unique responses to sexual abuse that are common among many is low self-esteem or self-hatred and many subsisters suffer from depression. There is a lack of practice for anyone especially if its someone they were dependent upon lik e family and teachers. 93% of victims under the age of 18 know their attacker (Finkelhor, 2009). umteen have flash rear ends where they re-experience the sexual abuse as if it were occurring at that moment, usually accompanied by visual images of the abuse. These flashbacks practically are triggered by an event, action, or even a smell that is aware of the sexual abuse of the abuser. Dissociation whitethorn also occur where survivors go through a process where the mind distances itself from the experience because it is too ofttimes for the psyche to process at the time. This loss of connection with thoughts, memories, feelings, actions or feel of identicalness, is a coping mechanism and may affect aspects of a survivors functioning.Sexuality and intimacy also affect a survivor because they have to deal with the fact that one of their first sexual encounters was a resultant role of abuse. These memories may interfere with the survivors ability to engage in sexual relationships, which may bring about feelings of fright, frustration, or being ashamed. Many use coping mechanisms such as grieving, mourning, alcohol, drug abuse, eating disorders, and self-injury and so on mostly because you feel ashamed to confront someone about it. Those who have the courage to let it out practically seek therapy.I base this paper on Freuds conquest theory and therapy technique to assistant survivors overcome their issues. For cause many sexual abuse survivors jumble with develop normal adult sexual intimacy abilities and may feel as though they are defective, damaged, or otherwise flawed (Kress, Hoffman, Thomas, 2008). Freud developed his theory from a clinical development of the relationship between childhood seduction and the development of adult emotional disorder. Freud who had no doubt that sex compete the determining role in neurosis and that neurotic conditions could not uprise in a person who led a normal sex life.This was discussed in the free-association te chnique and seduction theory. In this technique survivors will struggle but will be able to build or retrace a positive self-identity. Much research has been done in the study of incest trauma being the root and even in Freuds free-association technique, his patients revealed sexual seduction, with the seducer usually being an older recounting and thus caused adult neurotic behavior. Sexual abuse often affects someone emotionally and sexually later in life when accepting relationships with others. Everyone is different but two things could occur.You either are frightened by any relationship with someone emotional and sexually or you can give way a sex addict. Freud was looking for a long-term cure of symptoms individuals had. He soon gave up catharsis as a treatment system and developed from it the technique of free association. This is a psycho healing(p) technique in which the patient says whatever comes to mind. In this technique a patient lies on the couch and is encouraged to talk openly and spontaneously, giving complete sort to every idea, no matter how embarrassing, unimportant, or foolish it may sound.His intention was to bring in conscious awareness the repressed memories or thoughts, which were sham to be the source of the patients abnormal behavior. The thoughts that came to the patients mind were said by Freud to not be random and have some connection during the free-association sessions. The experiences brought into memory were predetermined and could not be censored by the patients conscious choice. Externalizing may also help clients connect with solutions and options they may not unremarkably realize (Kress et al, 2008). The patients conflict would be forced out so that it had to be expressed to the therapist.Therapists need to develop clinical skills and interventions that are specific to counseling this population (Kress et al, 2008) just like Freud and his free-association technique. Kress, Hoffman, and Thomas (2008) explained it t his way The technique of externalizing client problems, or separating the identity of the client from the presenting problems, or separating the identity of the client from the presenting concerns, may have the effect of increasing the clients sense of control over the perceived problems and increasing internalized personal chest of drawers and, thus, a sense of empowerment (p107).Through the free-association technique, Freud found that his patients memories brought up an experience from childhood that had a connection they repressed concerning sexual issues. By 1898, he was convinced that the most immediate and, for practical purposes, the most evidentiary causes of neurotic illness are to be found in factors arising from sexual life (Breger, 2000, p117). He also points out some specifics on the seduction theory such as the seducer being an older relative, often the father and that these seduction traumas were the cause of adult neurotic behavior.His patients were hesitant about describing details of the seduction experience as though the events were somehow profitless or had never really happened. A consistent research determination about adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse is difficulty with establishing and maintaining interior(a) relationships (Gil, 2008). By providing a couple of examples youll see where Freud would come in with his seduction theory and free-association hypothesis. The case of the women in this oblige by Rachman, Kennedy, and curtilage (2005) resembled the long-familiar case of Anna O which became the upmost importance in the development of psychoanalysis.The woman, whom they called run M, was sexually molested by a male family figure when she was two age old. She then started to masturbate using a pencil and was scolded and blamed for misbehaving. Her start reacted to her masturbation as if it were an immoral behavior and was not curious as to the origins of her daughters premature sex activity. Miss M started to become extremely seductive with men. Through therapy she worked out this problem over a geological period of about a year to understand her trauma and dysfunction.These difficulties impact male selection, interactional patterns, conflict resolution, balance of power, satisfaction, and the nature and frequency of sexual march (Gil, 2008). Miss M overcame these difficulties and was then able to begin a crocked relationship and soon got married and started a family. Another case provided by Rachman et al (2005) was with Laura and her therapist. Laura was sexually abused by her mother, cousin, and brothers. She quickly initiated an obsessively laden, angry, titillating transference.Laura interpreted the empathy of the therapist for her childhood trauma. Laura thought that as the therapist showed engage in her, so just like her mother, the therapist must proclivity her sexually, and she must respond to the therapist as she did with her mother. Laura reflected that her life was always ob sessed by being vulnerable to being hit on physically and sexually at any moment by her siblings. When Laura would recall her last(prenominal) she would link what she started to do with others. She was behaving just as her mother did in a sexually abusive fashion.The therapist worked on this behavior but it was not concluded in the article what the result was or what the effect of the therapy had on her. The therapist was also not named in this example. In this same article was an example of a therapist, Bob Kennedy and his patient Vivian. Vivians marriage was dropping apart. She noted that her husband was unable to satisfy her emotionally. This was because of a sexual matter with her father when she was young. Through the course of the therapy sessions Vivian accepted the idea that her childhood sexuality with her father was abusive.Survivors will need assistance in strengthening or enhancing the quality of their relationships, as well as addressing unresolved childhood traumas t hat may unconsciously shape their attitudes and behaviors (Gil, 2008). She eventually abandoned her sexual aggression and gave the belief of feeling safe, assured there would be no repletion of the abuse she had once suffered. Once she was able to come to this conclusion she then could have a satisfying relationship with her husband. In the article by Bachman, Kennedy, and Yard they explained in detail and through these examples the root to therapy.Once you understand the sexy behavior toward another as a mode of communication from their childhood sexual trauma, that the experience can be viewed as an opportunity for a redress encounter. Its through free-association analysis that could succeed in accepting duty for their own forbidden feelings, their sexuality, aggression, and guilt that had previously been projected onto others. Talking your issue out will make you realize how wrong sexual seduction is. Partners and spouses of adult survivors benefit from assistance as well.Part ner and spouses often report feelings of isolation, fear, helplessness and hopelessness, frustration and anger (Gil, 2008). This could have been why Vivians marriage was dropping apart and yet it all came down to her abuse as a child. Spouses may also find that their efforts to obtain intimacy are thwart by the survivors need to use reflexive exoneration strategies (Gil, 2008). Free-association therapy is not easy to go through because you need to dig up everything in your past and in conscious thought that you may not want to relive.There are many steps to relieving the headaches of seduction to the desired issue in the free-association therapy. Resistance is one of them steps. This is the blockage or refusal to disclose frightful memories during a free-association session. Repression also is the process of barring unacceptable ideas, memories, or desires from conscious awareness, leaving them to operate in the unconscious mind. Being sexually seduced brings on anxiety. Freud explains defense mechanisms to reduce anxiety.Psychosexual stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital) of personality development include denial, displacement, projection, rationalization, chemical reaction formation, regression, repression, and sublimation. Denial is considered denying the existence of an external threat or traumatic event. transformation is for example replacing detestation toward ones boss with hostility toward ones child. Projection is attributing impulse toward someone else. Rationalization is for example saying that a job you got fired from was not a good job for you anyway.Reaction formation for example is someone disturbed by sexual longings who may become a crusader against pornography. Regression is going back to a less frustrating period in life and displacing the youthful and dependent behaviors of that time. Repression is denying the existence of something that gives you anxiety. Sublimation is altering impulses by doing socially acceptable beh aviors such as diverting sexual energy into artistically creative behaviors. Through these steps free association is not that easy but is effective.No one who is sexually abused is going to be able to be free of their anxiety very fast and effectively. There is always going to be downfalls at some points and each individual is different in the measuring of time it will take to overcome it. Its encouraged for the patients to consider certain situations that arise and learn to cope with the unpleasant sensations by be focused in therapy and talks it out. References Facts for Families Child Sexual Abuse. (2011). American honorary society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. No. 9 Finkelhor, D. (2009).The prevention of childhood abuse. Vol. 19 No. 2 Gil, E. (2008). Training topics. 1-10 Kress, V. , Hoffman, R. , Thomas, A. (2008). Letters from the future the use of therapeutic letter writing in counseling sexual abuse survivors. ledger of Creativity in Mental Health, 3(2), 105-118 Na tional Institute for Justice Report. (2003) P. 5 Rachman, A. , Kennedy, R. , Yard, M. (2005). The role of childhood sexual seduction in the development of an erotic transference pervasion in the psychoanalytic situation. International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 14, 183-187